ECUADOR - Energy & Mining
Minister of Non-Renewable Natural Resources, Ecuador
Bio
Wilson Pástor graduated from the Universidad Pierre Mèndes in France with a Master’s degree in Economics. He has been the Minister of Non-Renewable Natural Resources since April 21, 2010. His previous experience includes serving in various senior roles within Petroamazonas from 1990 to 2007. He was appointed Executive President of Petroecuador in 1999. He also held the position of General Coordinator at the Unidad de Contratación Petrolera from 1984 to 1987. He has published a wealth of material regarding the oil and gas industry and energy sector of Ecuador, for which he has received significant recognition.
The change is pretty important at a global level, because there are very few contracts like the ones we have, based on rate per barrel. In the beginning, we encountered some resistance after a relatively difficult set of negotiations. We reached an agreement with 12 out of the 17 companies that work in Ecuador, and these companies are now planning to invest a further $1.4 billion over the next three years. The situation is fine, the companies are happy, and so are we, because the rate means a ceiling for company incomes when the price goes up, and the entire surplus goes to the state. In 2011, we obtained $1.5 billion in net profit from these negotiations. In 2012 the figure could be higher, because prices are rising. The price at the time of negotiation was $72 per barrel, and the companies have a rate of $32. The price rose from $72 to $103, which represented a huge profit for the country. The companies are now very interesting in continuing with this model, though with some changes, and these will be discussed during the 11th round of negotiations, which we will open in May 2012.
We have a dozen national oil companies (NOCs) interested, but have not opened up discussion yet with private companies, thought they have come to see us in an unofficial capacity. There are Canadian companies, US companies, Argentinian companies, and more. The contracts on offer will be service contracts for the provision of services at a specified rate, and the rate will be determined according to the level of risk. There will be a tender, and the company that takes the lowest level of risk will win. There will be four blocks reserved for NOCs and 10 for private companies.
So far, we have signed for two fields with consortiums led by Tecpetrol at the Libertador field, and Schlumberger at the Shushufindi field. There are still two fields, Cuyabeno-Sansaguay and Auca, which are still under negotiation with Halliburton. We are negotiating the rates and the legal composition of the consortium that will sign with that company.
The Refinery of the Pacific is important, and we will finish the basic engineering works in May 2012, and by October we hope to finalize the project financing. There are several options, but the main one is to find an equity partner for EP Petroecuador and Petroleum of Venezuela (PDVSA) to reduce the capital outlaw of direct investment. At the Esmeraldas Refinery, works will cost around $900 million, and should be complete by the end of 2013. The upgrade program basically involves a refurbishing and restructuring of the refinery’s facilities. In addition, we have a project to develop improved products, which involves a further investment of around $600 million. There is also another project to double the capacity of the Shushufindi Refinery. In total, refined capacity will increase to close to 45,000 barrels per day (bbl/d) by the end of 2016.
We have already signed a bi-national agreement, which is the most important part at the government level. At the moment, the OCP is directly negotiating with the private companies and Copetrol to evaluate the quantity and rates. The last step would be to agree on income with the Colombian producers over the government’s stake in the OCP Pipeline. Things are going very well so far, and we hope that by October 2012 the first barrels from Colombia will start flowing.
Contrary to what happens with oil, where we have extensive experience and capacity and have signed contracts for service provisions with two state companies, we are beginners in the mining sector. We can’t sign contracts that demand maturity. We have a classic contract for mining exploitation rights, where we only request the tax system conditions regarding income, and international standards of mining exploitation are followed in the form of a concession agreement. We have signed with EcuaCorriente, which is the first company, and we hope to reach an agreement with Canadian company Kinross in 2012. Apart from the negotiations, there is an administrative procedure that could take a bit longer, but we hope that by the middle of the year everything will be finalized. And there is a third small contract for the Rio Blanco field with another Canadian company, IMC, which will be defined in May. In 2013 we intend to sign two more with EcuaCorriente in Panantza-San Carlos, another copper deposit, and with IMC in Quimsacocha. They are now in the advanced exploration phase, and they will move on to the exploitation phase by next year.
We are running an accelerated training program, and sending people to Chile, Peru, and Canada on the mining side, and the same on the oil side to the US, Norway, and other producer countries. To achieve that we have set an annual rate of 1% for service companies to dedicate to the training of their staff.
We have produced gas in small quantities for over a decade, at a rate of 30 million cubic feet per day, or around 5,000-6,000 bbl/d. However, our exploration activities gave us hope that we could triple this production within a year. The estimated reserves nowadays mean we could produce 10 times more than we do today. However, to achieve that, we need to make certain additional verifications. With SIPEC from Chile and the additional exploration performed by EP Petroecuador, we will probably achieve levels of production equivalent to 50,000 bbl of oil in the medium term.
In terms of private production, if the average price is around $100/bbl, it means that we will earn $30 additionally on what was renegotiated in 2010 for every barrel. If we multiply this by 50 million bbl, this is an additional $1.5 billion. According to contracts, we expect to export around 125 million bbl in 2012, totaling $12.5 billion.
EcuaCorriente should start producing by the last quarter of 2013, with 30,000 tons of processing, which is one-third of its total potential, and then start increasing until it reaches 60,000 tons. By the end of 2014, we estimate a benefit in royalties of around $45 million per year plus taxes, meaning around $300 million per year. The same is true regarding Kinross and Rio Blanco. So, as a whole, we will receive around $500 million per year by 2014.
ENAMI is becoming very strong in the gold industry. It already has eight concessions in Esmeraldas, and will enter strongly in the exploitation area and be a remedy for illegal mining activity. We will start collaborating with companies in mining services that will provide high-tech machinery and working methods. It also has, at this moment, three concessions for non-metallic minerals, which will rise to four in the future. The strategy is to create mixed economy companies, and in the first phase develop ENAMI before it can fly alone, because it demands a lot of resources and time. We hope that within a single generation the company is able to become what EP Petroecuador or Petroamazonas EP represent in the oil sector.
© The Business Year – May 2012
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